Under what situation will AAR not be conducted, except during an emergency?

The correct choice relates to the situation where radio communications capability is lost. In aviation operations, the after-action review (AAR) process is vital for improving safety and effectiveness. However, the ability to conduct an AAR relies on effective communication among all involved parties.

When radio communications are lost, it becomes very challenging to gather comprehensive input from all operators and crew members during the review process, as there may be critical information and details that cannot be relayed or confirmed. This disruption can hinder the effectiveness of the AAR, making it impractical to have a thorough debriefing about the operations or incidents that occurred.

In contrast, situations such as refueling aircraft, dealing with hazardous cargo, or adverse weather conditions might still allow for some form of AAR to be conducted in a controlled manner, albeit with considerations for safety and operational protocols. Each of these scenarios presents challenges, but they do not incapacitate the entire communication structure necessary for an AAR like the loss of radio communications does. Therefore, the nature of the communication required makes the loss of radio capability a unique situation in which conducting an effective AAR is particularly compromised.